Almost at the end of every fiscal, public sector banks approach their majority shareholder (the government) with a request for more capital. A number of these banks do not use their capital efficiently and now with higher provisioning for non-performing assets (NPA) as well as the new Basel III norms, these banks will need a larger chunk of capital from the government. According to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor D Subbarao, the government would need to infuse Rs 900 bn in public sector banks in order to maintain its current shareholding after the new Basel-III norms come into force. If it is willing to reduce its stake in these banks to 51%, the burden may come down to Rs 700 bn.
According to the central bank governor, the government may issue recapitalization bonds as against an infusion of common equity. Indian banks have so far raised equity capital of around Rs 520 bn through the primary markets over the last five years. Therefore, raising an additional Rs 700 bn to Rs 1 trillion over the next five years from should not be too much of an issue. There is an extended period spread over five years (Jan 2013-March 2018) for Basel III implementation. This gives sufficient time to banks to plan their capital-raising efforts over the period. The banking regulator had put out the final guidelines on Basel-III norms and its implementation in May 2012, as seen below.
Basel III implementation | ||||||
Minimum capital ratios (as a % of Risk Weighted Assets) | 1-Jan-13 | 31-Mar-14 | 31-Mar-15 | 31-Mar-16 | 31-Mar-17 | 31-Mar-18 |
Minimum Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) | 4.5 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 |
Capital conservation buffer (CCB) | - | - | 0.6 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 2.5 |
Minimum CET1 + CCB | 4.5 | 5.0 | 6.1 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 8.0 |
Minimum Tier 1 capital | 6.0 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 |
Minimum Total Capital* | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 |
Minimum Total Capital + CCB | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.6 | 10.3 | 10.9 | 11.5 |
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